26^th International Conference on Cancer and Oncology

Recently, researchers investigated the microbiome of prostate fluid to know about the role of the microbiome in prostate cancer. Scientists carried out the first comprehensive and detailed comparison of the microbial ecosystems of prostatic fluid of people with and without prostate cancer. To investigate, they recruited 59 participants out of which, 32 people were prostate cancer patients and 27 people were without prostate cancer. It was found that they all had high levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), an enzyme secreted by the prostate. Prostate fluid samples taken from prostate cancer patients were found to be less diverse than the samples from men without cancer. Between the two groups, the researchers also measured differences in the proportions of certain species, including Enterobacter, Streptococcus and Lactococcus. However, at this stage, it is unclear that altered populations of bacteria influence the progression of prostate cancer. Measuring PSA Levels is

According to a recent phase I clinical trial study, an investigational immunotherapy drug has shown effectiveness against tumors of advanced Human PapillomaVirus related cancers. The drug, bintrafusp alfa, also called M7824, was designed to bind to two target proteins PD-L1 and TGF-beta simultaneously, that help prevent the immune system from effectively attacking tumours.The study included a total of 43 patients with advanced cancers, including cervical cancer, anal cancer and squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck. Among all participants, 35% of the patients responded to the drug. According to investigators, the drug is a promising agent for HPV-related cancers and may be beneficial more than traditional checkpoint therapies. To know more, please visit: https://bit.ly/30LEfbU

Tumour size is an important consideration in determining breast cancer staging.  Every breast cancer patient’s disease condition is different, but its stage provides a general indication of a patient’s treatment options and outlook.  The overall stages of cancer range from 0 to 4. Stage 0 means that breast cancer is at a very early stage and has not yet spread. Stage 4 is late-stage breast cancer, in which cancer has spread to other parts of the body. people with early-stage breast cancer are likely to have smaller tumours that are easier to treat. But, large tumours indicate late-stage breast cancer, which may be more difficult to treat. To determine the severity of the disease, size of primary breast cancer a tumour is measured at its widest point and unit of measure is millimetres(mm) or centimetres(cm). Apart from tumour size, there are also other factors that help in determining the stages of breast cancer. These include the status of lymph nodes, appearance of cance