Tumour size helps doctors determine stages of breast cancer

-

Tumour size is an important consideration in determining breast cancer staging. 
Every breast cancer patient’s disease condition is different, but its stage provides a general indication of a patient’s treatment options and outlook. 
The overall stages of cancer range from 0 to 4. Stage 0 means that breast cancer is at a very early stage and has not yet spread. Stage 4 is late-stage breast cancer, in which cancer has spread to other parts of the body. people with early-stage breast cancer are likely to have smaller tumours that are easier to treat. But, large tumours indicate late-stage breast cancer, which may be more difficult to treat.
To determine the severity of the disease, size of primary breast cancer a tumour is measured at its widest point and unit of measure is millimetres(mm) or centimetres(cm).

Apart from tumour size, there are also other factors that help in determining the stages of breast cancer. These include the status of lymph nodes, appearance of cancer cells, hormone receptor status, level of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and metastasis condition.









Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

-
Image
A recent study has revealed that targeting tissues around pancreatic cancer cells may help stop their metastasis and improve chemotherapy outcomes. It was studied that how pancreatic cancer cells change their environment to enable easy metastasis, which is the main cause of pancreatic cancer-related death. The researchers discovered that some pancreatic tumours remodel the environment around them, which helps cancer cells metastasize and protects them against chemotherapy. Researchers compared tissue around tumour cells in both metastatic and non-metastatic pancreatic cancer cells. This tissue, known as matrix, acts like a glue that holds different cells or tumours together. Using mouse models, the team extracted fibroblasts-cells that produce most of the matrix from both spreading and non-spreading pancreatic tumours. It was found that cancer cells from a non-spreading tumour began to spread when mixed with fibroblasts from a spreading tumour. In this investigation, it was
Read more

Nano-patterned chip detects cancer in one blood drop

-
Image
A research team led by researchers from the University of Kansas and KU Cancer Center has developed a device which could detect cancer in a minuscule amount of blood or blood component. The device, which is called a “3D nano-patterned chip”, identifies and diagnoses cancer by filtering for exosomes, pushing them to meet the surface of the ship for analysis. Exosomes help in sending messages to the  recipient cells and communicating molecular information important in many biological functions. In the case of cancerous cells, these contain biological information that can direct tumor growth and spread in case of cancerous cells. Basically, tumors send out exosomes packaging active molecules that mirror the biological features of the parental cells. While all cells produce exosomes, tumor cells are active compared to normal cells. To test the chip’s effectiveness, the researchers used clinical samples from patients suffering from ovarian cancer, a type of cancer that is n
Read more
-
Image
Recently, researchers investigated the microbiome of prostate fluid to know about the role of the microbiome in prostate cancer. Scientists carried out the first comprehensive and detailed comparison of the microbial ecosystems of prostatic fluid of people with and without prostate cancer. To investigate, they recruited 59 participants out of which, 32 people were prostate cancer patients and 27 people were without prostate cancer. It was found that they all had high levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), an enzyme secreted by the prostate. Prostate fluid samples taken from prostate cancer patients were found to be less diverse than the samples from men without cancer. Between the two groups, the researchers also measured differences in the proportions of certain species, including Enterobacter, Streptococcus and Lactococcus. However, at this stage, it is unclear that altered populations of bacteria influence the progression of prostate cancer. Measuring PSA Levels is
Read more